You can try handling the TableControlCurrentCellShowingDropDown event. There, try dynamically setting the DataSource on the dropdown.
private void gridGroupingControl1_TableControlCurrentCellShowingDropDown(object sender, GridTableControlCurrentCellShowingDropDownEventArgs e)
{
GridCurrentCell cc = e.TableControl.CurrentCell;
GridComboBoxCellRenderer renderer = cc.Renderer as GridComboBoxCellRenderer;
if(renderer != null)
{
GridComboBoxListBoxPart listBoxPart = (GridComboBoxListBoxPart)renderer.ListBoxPart;
// now conditionally set listBoxPart.DataSource
listBoxPart.DataSource = SomeDataSourceYouWantToSet.
}
}